北朝鮮專題 (7)
在北朝鮮，我們難得的機會參訪了平壤婦女專門醫院以及一家托兒所，有機會探究這個國家部分的婦幼政策。在北朝鮮，生育、教育和醫療，由政府負擔，百姓免費，尤其生育，屬於各家庭和婦女的自由意志，因此想生育多少個，由各家庭自己決定，國家只能鼓勵，不能強制。近年來北朝鮮的生育率略為下降，婦女傾向選擇生育一到兩個，國家為了挽救生育率，分別從鼓勵生育、強化婦女醫療著手。
無論是城市或鄉村，北朝鮮街頭上常看到孩童，但國家還希望再提升人口，因為北朝鮮的人口成長率是數值都不低的出生率和死亡率之間的值差，因此提升婦女生育率很重要。
但在北朝鮮，要生幾個小孩，是家務事，國家再威權，也只能鼓勵，不能強制。儘管生養一個孩子，從懷孕、生產、養育到教育，一切國家支付，但女性自主意識抬頭，逐漸不愛生孩子，每個家庭從平均生兩、三個，變成生不到兩個，獨生子女的家庭越來越多。政府為了鼓勵生育，提出生育第三胎的額外福利，包括嬰兒乳食品免費期限從兩個月放長到一年；高中畢業以前的所有衣服也全由國家供應。
北朝鮮對婦女的照護，還包括專業醫療。
在首都平壤，至少有六所國家級大型綜合醫院，其中包括一所婦女專門醫院。
[[民視新聞部經理 胡婉玲]]
“在我們事先並沒有預期的情況之下，我們被安排來到平壤的婦產院，這裡有一個專屬，剛成立不到一年的乳腺腫瘤研究所”
每位參訪客都必須身著醫護白衣、膠袋包鞋，以防塵、防帶菌感染。
[[平壤婦產醫院對外辦事科科長 文昌雲]]
“除了乳腺癌之外也有子宮頸癌，治療子宮頸癌是在隔壁本棟”
癌症治療需要高度專業，參訪流程中，我們看到的器材，包括X光設備、超音波，以及斷層掃描器
[[平壤婦產醫院對外辦事科科長 文昌雲]]
“超高速，超高速，來腫瘤研究所接受診斷跟治療的女性，由國家來負擔全部的醫療費用”
[[住院婦女]]
“(進來多久了)，十來天，(需要住多久) ，聽說再治療個二十幾天，應該可以痊癒，結果應該也不錯吧，(接受什麼樣的治療) ，低週波水治療，乳腺也有打針”
短暫，有限的參訪醫院之後，我們轉到了金正淑托兒所
[[民視新聞部經理 胡婉玲]]
“在北朝鮮兒童的教育一切免費，那麼我們申請到平壤市區的金正淑托兒所，在這裡的小朋友呢，一個禮拜可以托育六天，我們來看”
“有哪裡不舒服，來診斷看看”
“去藥局買藥吧，謝謝你 再見，這個藥吃兩粒，一天三次，謝謝”
“叩叩叩，是誰在敲門，醫生你好嗎，妳有哪裡不舒服嗎，醫生 我的身體，就像這樣很健康，如果有哪裡不舒服的，請一定要到我們醫院來檢查，好的，再見”
[[金正淑托兒所老師]]
“在我們金正恩同志，溫暖的胸襟下，勞動者人民的子女們都可以來，而大人們不需要有任何的擔憂，小孩可以無憂無慮地成長”
在這間托兒所托養的，是兩歲半到四歲之間的孩子，因此需要多位專業老師，二十四小時照料，這裡的孩子睡一起，吃一起，學的也一樣
“敬愛的首領金日成大元帥在萬景台，跟他朋友一起遊戲的大岩石，叫什麼岩石
雪橇岩
是的”
“萬景峰”
“在萬景峰底下，有一條清澈的大同江流過，跟著老師講一遍，大同江，
大同江，
敬愛的首領金日成大元帥，在這樣美麗的萬景台出生，朝鮮的太陽 漸漸昇起，我們就用去追尋，美麗萬景台的心情，一起來唱歌吧”
“嬌豔的花朵 朵朵綻放，開滿了山坡上，這裡是大元帥誕生的故鄉”
兩歲半以前是托嬰，四歲以前是托育，滿四歲以後才能上幼稚園，在北朝鮮都有規定，也有設施，在這裡，沒有父母為了接孩子，趕著下班的問題，也沒有選擇學校語言種類或是收費高低的問題，因為嬰幼兒托育，也是國家一視同仁的教育政策
民視新聞胡婉玲 李健成 蕭惟任在平壤的獨家採訪報導
Pyongyang: Women and Child Care (2013/07/17)
As part of our ongoing series on North Korea, FTV provides a rare look at a women’s hospital and a nursery school in Pyongyang. These facilities, together with child-rearing subsidies, are among the many measures the government is taking to raise the birth rate and better provide for women and children.
Whether in the city or countryside, children roam the streets. Nevertheless, Pyongyang wants more. Population growth primarily depends on the birth rate and mortality rate, both of which are large. Raising fertility is vital.
But even in this authoritarian nation, incentives, not force, are the only tools the government has to encourage families to have more children. The country pays child-rearing costs, from pregnancy to birth, nurturing and education. But as women grow more independent, they have gone from having two or three children to just one or two. Further government subsidies to encourage having a third child include free formula for a year instead of two months and paying for all clothing prior to high school graduation.
North Korea also offers women professional medical care.
In Pyongyang there are at least six major hospitals that offer comprehensive services. One specializes in treating women.
Anne Hu
FTV News Chief
We hadn’t anticipated a trip to this Pyongyang maternity hospital, but our handlers arranged a visit. The hospital has a breast cancer research institute that was established within the past year.
Visitors must wear a white coat and plastic over their shoes to prevent the introduction of dust or germs.
Director, External Affairs
Pyongyang Maternity Hospital
Besides breast cancer, we treat cervical cancer in the adjacent wing.
Cancer treatment is highly technical. On our visit we saw X-ray, ultrasound and CT scan equipment.
Director, External Affairs
Pyongyang Maternity Hospital
The country pays the full cost for women who come to the cancer research institute for diagnosis or treatment.
Patient
(How long have you been here?) Ten days. (How long do you have to stay?) I’ve heard that I have to stay another 20 days or more. I’m expecting good results and even a full recovery. (What treatment did you get?) Electrotherapy and injections in my breasts.
After the short, limited hospital visit we moved to the Kim Jong-suk nursery school.
Anne Hu
FTV News Chief
Children’s education is free in North Korea. We received permission to visit the Kim Jong-suk nursery in Pyongyang, which cares for children six days a week.
What’s bothering you? Let’s take a look.
Go to the pharmacist to buy your medicine. Thank you. See you later. Take two of these pills, three times a day. Thank you.
Knock, knock. Who is knocking on the door? Hello, doctor. What is bothering you? Look at me, I’m very healthy. If anything is bothering you, make sure you come to the hospital for a check-up. OK, goodbye.
Teacher
Kim Jong-suk Nursery School
Comrade Kim Jong-un’s compassion means all children of the workers and the people can come. Adults don’t need to worry, and children can grow up carefree.
This nursery school accepts children between the ages of 2 and 4. It requires professional teachers to provide care 24 hours a day. Children sleep, eat and study together.
Our beloved leader, Grand Marshal Kim Il-sung, used to play on a big rock with his friends in Mangyongdae. What was the name of this rock?
Yes.
Mangyongbong
Below Mangyongbong a crystal clear river called Taedong flows. Repeat after me, Taedong River
Taedong River
When the beloved Grand Marshal Kim Il-sung was born in this beautiful place called Mangyongdae, the North Korean sun gradually ascended. Let’s use the feeling that the beauty of Mangyongdae inspires to sing a song.
Tender flowers blossom and cover the hills where our grand marshal was born.
Children under 2 and a half go to day care, before attending nursery school and then kindergarten at age 4. The North Korean system means that parents don’t need to rush from work to pick up their children, nor do they choose schools based on language or cost. When it comes to child rearing, the government treats everyone equally.
This is FTV’s Anne Hu, Johnson Lee and Hsiao Wei-ren, with an exclusive report from Pyongyang.
文章出處 ：民視英語新聞
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