英倫翻譯社/ Trsmaster

2022/04/13 05:30
◎管淑平

Taking long naps could be a precursor of Alzheimer’s disease, according to a study that tracked the daytime sleeping habits of elderly people.

根據一份追蹤老年人白天睡眠習慣的研究，午睡睡得久，可能是阿茲海默症的前兆。

The findings could help resolve the conflicting results of the effects of napping on cognition in older adults, with some previous studies highlighting the benefits of a siesta on mood, alertness and performance on mental tasks.

這項發現可能有助於解開午睡對年長者認知力影響研究的矛盾結果；之前一些研究強調，白天小睡片刻對心情、靈敏度和心智能力表現有好處。

The latest study suggests that an increase over time in naps was linked to a higher chance of developing mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s.

這份最新研究認為，午睡時間愈長，與出現輕微認知功能障礙或阿茲海默症的機率較高有關。

The scientists think it is more likely that excessive napping could be an early warning sign, rather than it causing mental decline.

科學家認為，午睡太久更有可能是心智能力退化的早期警訊，而非是肇因。

2022/04/11 05:30
◎陳成良
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic threatens to reverse decades of progress made towards gender equality, according to a global study that reveals women have been hit much harder socially and economically than men.

一項全球研究表明，Covid-19大流行的影響可能逆轉數十年來在性別平等方面取得的進展，該研究揭露女性在社會和經濟層面受到的打擊，比男性要嚴重得多。

The research, conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington and published in the Lancet, shows that women have experienced greater negative social and economic impacts than men.

這項由華盛頓大學健康指標與評估研究所進行、並發表在《刺胳針》期刊上的研究表明，女性比男性遭受更大的負面社會和經濟影響。

The greatest and most persistent gender gap was seen in employment and uncompensated labour, with 26% of women reporting loss of work compared with 20% of men globally in September 2021. Women and girls were also more likely to drop out of school and more likely to report an increase in gender-based violence than men and boys.

最大和最持久的性別差距，出現在就業和無償勞動方面，2021年9月全球有26％的女性通報失業，而全球男性的比例為 20％。相較於男性與男孩，女性和女孩也更有可能輟學、遭受更多性別暴力對待。

新聞辭典
reverse：動詞，使顛倒，使倒轉，使反轉。例句：He suddenly reversed his decision to get married. （他突然推翻他要結婚的決定。）

2022/04/08 05:30
◎張沛元

East Japan Railway Co. (JR East) will become the first railway operator to hike passenger fares and use the funds to improve accessibility for the disabled.

東日本旅客鐵道公司（JR東日本）將成為第一家調漲客運票價，並將這筆資金用來改善供殘障人士使用的無障礙設施的鐵道業者。

The plan is to tack on 10 yen (8 cents) to a ticket for JR East’s 16 major lines, including the Yamanote, Chuo and Keihin-Tohoku lines. The increase will go into effect from spring 2023.

該計畫是要將包括山手線、中央線與京濱東北線等16條JR東日本主要路線的票價調漲10日圓（8美分）。新的票價將自2023年春天起生效。

The transport ministry in December 2021 created a new system of adding fares to a ticket to pay for the installation of platform safety doors and elevators at train stations.

（日本）國土交通省在2021年12月創設一項新制度，將調漲的票價金額用來支付在車站設置月台安全門與電梯的費用。

Ministry officials said JR East is the first railway company to announce a specific plan.

國土交通省官員說，JR東日本是第一個（因應該制度）宣布明確計畫的鐵道業者。

2022/04/07 05:30
◎孫宇青

Japan’s Meiji University professor Homei Miyashita has developed a prototype lickable TV screen that can imitate food flavors, another step towards creating a multi-sensory viewing experience.

日本明治大學教授宮下芳明發明出一款可舔式原型電視螢幕，具有模仿食物味道的功能，朝創造多感官收視體驗邁進另一步。

The device, called Taste the TV (TTTV), uses a carousel of 10 flavor canisters that spray in combination to create the taste of a particular food. The flavor sample then rolls on hygienic film over a flat TV screen for the viewer to try.

這個名為「品嚐電視」的裝置內部設置裝有10種口味的罐子，可噴出調製成特定食物的味道，再輸送到平面電視螢幕的衛生薄膜上，讓觀看者品嚐。

In the COVID-19 era, this kind of technology can enhance the way people connect and interact with the outside world, said Miyashita.

宮下說，在新冠肺炎流行時期，這樣的科技可改善人們與外界連結和互動的方式。

"The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restaurant on the other side of the world, even while staying at home," he said. A commercial version would cost about 100,000 yen to make.（Reuters）

他說：「目標是讓人們即使待在家，也能擁有類似於在世界另一端上餐廳吃飯的體驗。」商業機製作成本約為10萬日圓（約2萬4300台幣）。（路透）

2022/04/06 05:30
◎管淑平

Struggling to sleep? Put some muscle into your efforts by adding resistance training, otherwise known as weight training, to your weekly exercise routine.

難以成眠？將阻力訓練、也就是重量訓練，納入每週例行運動，再多試試看吧。

In fact, resistance training may even beat aerobic exercise in the race for best sleep aid, according to a new preliminary study presented Thursday at the American Heart Association’s Epidemiology, Prevention, Lifestyle & Cardiometabolic Health Conference.

事實上，根據週四「美國心臟學會流行病學、預防、生活型態和心臟代謝健康會議」上發表的一份新的初步研究，以最能幫助睡眠來說，阻力訓練或許甚至比有氧運動還好。

"In our study, we found that resistance exercise appeared to go above and beyond aerobics or even a combined aerobic and resistance routine on several different sleep outcomes," said study author Angelique Brellenthin, an assistant professor of kinesiology at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa.

「我們在研究中發現，在數個不同的睡眠結果上，阻力運動比有氧運動、甚至是有氧加阻力運動的效果還要好」，研究報告作者、愛荷華州立大學人體運動學助理教授布雷倫森說。

新聞辭典
put some muscle into：片語，多努力一點。在本文與字面意思「多用肌肉」雙關。例句：To achieve your goals you have to put some muscle into it.（要達成目標你得多加把勁）。

2022/03/31 05:30
◎孫宇青

While many companies are offering bonuses or higher pay as a way to lure and keep workers, a Florida business is offering a drawing for two brand new and mortgage-free houses.

很多公司會提供獎金或更高的薪水，來吸引及留住員工，佛州1家企業卻選擇提供2棟全新、免付貸款的房屋，讓員工抽籤。

Mechanical One, which provides air conditioning and plumbing for new developments, is planning to hold the drawing in December, said president and CEO Jason James.

專營新建案空調和管線工程的Mechanical One總裁兼執行長傑森．詹姆斯表示，抽籤儀式預計12月舉辦。

The company has bought two lots for the three-bedroom, two-bath homes and has set aside a $500,000 budget for the project.

該公司已購入2塊地，可分別打造3房、2衛浴的房屋，並已為該計畫籌備50萬美元。

James said he thought about other incentives, such as giving away a car or a vacation. But then he decided he wanted his employees to be able to enjoy their own homes. "Many of our employees own a home already, but a lot of them rent."

詹姆斯說，他也想過其他獎勵方式，包括送汽車或休假，但他又希望員工可以擁有自己的家，「我們很多員工已有房產，但還有很多人在租屋。」

2022/03/30 05:30
◎管淑平

Peruvian President Pedro Castillo dumped his prime minister Friday just three days after appointing him, amid outrage over revelations he was accused of domestic violence in 2016.

祕魯總統佩德羅卡斯提洛任命總理僅3天後，週五在這名總理2016年被控家暴事件引起公憤之際撤換他。

"I have decided to recompose the cabinet," the president said, meaning Prime Minister Hector Valer Pinto is out.

這名總統說，「我已經決定改組內閣」，意味著總理赫克拖．瓦勒品托出局了。

The leftist Castillo announced the change in a brief television address in which he did not mention Valer Pinto by name.

左派的卡斯提洛在簡短的電視談話中，宣布這項人事改組，他在談話中並未點名瓦勒品托。

The opposition and even some cabinet ministers were up in arms about Valer Pinto’s continued presence in the government.

反對派、甚至一些內閣部長，都強烈反對瓦勒品托繼續在政府任職。

2022/03/28 05:30
◎陳成良
Researchers in the US treated healthy mice with a form of gene therapy that refreshed older cells, making the animals more youthful according to biological markers that are used to measure the effects of ageing.

美國研究人員對健康老鼠實施一種更新老化細胞的基因療法，他們透過用來衡量老化效應的生物標記法，測出這些老鼠變年輕了。

Repeating the trick in humans is far from straightforward, but the findings will fuel interest in radical new therapies that aim to slow or reverse the ageing process as a means of tackling age-related diseases such as cancer, brittle bones and Alzheimer’s.

儘管難以用同樣的方法讓人類返老還童，但這一發現將點燃人們對以延緩或逆轉衰老為目標的激進新療法的興趣，這種療法可以用來治療諸如癌症、骨質疏鬆和阿茲海默症等與年齡相關的疾病。

The scientists drew on previous work by the Japanese Nobel laureate Prof Shinya Yamanaka, who showed that a mixture of four molecules – known as Yamanaka factors – can rewind adult cells into youthful stem cells that are capable of forming almost any tissue in the body.

科學家這一療法借鑑日本諾貝爾獎得主山中伸彌教授先前的研究成果。山中伸彌向世人展示，被稱為「山中因子」的4種分子組合在一起，可以讓成人細胞逆生長為年輕的幹細胞，而幹細胞可以分化成人體的任何組織。

新聞辭典
rejuvenation：She is one of the people behind the rejuvenation of the company.（她是隱沒在公司復興背後的人之一。）

2022/03/24 05:30
◎孫宇青

Dvur Kralove zoo in Czech Republic has welcomed a critically endangered eastern black rhinoceros baby that has taken the name of Ukraine’s capital Kyiv in honor of that country’s resistance to invading Russian forces.

捷克共和國的德武克拉洛維動物園，迎來一隻重度瀕危的東部黑犀牛寶寶，並以烏克蘭首都基輔為其命名，向抵禦俄羅斯軍隊入侵的烏克蘭致敬。

"The name is another expression of our support for the Ukrainian heroes," zoo Director Premysl Rabas said.

園長普瑞米索．拉巴斯說：「取這個名字是我們對烏克蘭英雄表達支持的另一種方式。」

Kyiv’s mother Eva has been taking care of him in a best possible way, the zoo said, with the baby gaining 1 kilogram a day. It currently weighs about 50 kilograms.

園方說，基輔的母親艾娃竭盡心力照料基輔，這隻小娃每天長胖1公斤，目前重約50公斤。

Poaching has reduced the number of the eastern black rhinos living in the wild to around 800. The Czech park has 14.

違法獵捕已導致野生東部黑犀牛的數量減至約800隻，而捷克動物園養了14隻。

2022/03/23 05:30
◎管淑平

A 7-square-metre microflat, cramming in a bed, toilet, shower, sink and a microwave tucked under the pillow, has sold for 80% above its minimum listing price at £90,000.

一間7平方公尺的微型公寓，以比開出的底價高80％的9萬英鎊售出；這間微型公寓塞進一張床、廁所、淋浴間、水槽和一台收在枕頭下方的微波爐。

The microflat, located in a Victorian conversion in Lower Clapton, east London, is believed to be the capital’s smallest-ever property, marking a turn towards tiny homes driven by the UK’s housing crisis of soaring rent and property prices.

這間位於倫敦東區下克萊普頓維多利亞時代建築改建的微型公寓，據信是這座首都歷來最小的房子，代表英國租金和房價高漲的居住危機，帶動轉向迷你住宅的趨勢。

The apartment had a minimum price at auction of £50,000, but sold at 80% higher at £90,000.

這間公寓的拍賣底價是5萬英鎊，卻以高出80％的9萬英鎊賣出。

It was bought for £103,500 in May 2017. But the owner has already recouped their investment by receiving £800 a month in rent.

屋主在2017年5月以10萬3500英鎊購入，但這筆資金已透過每月收取800英鎊租金回收。

2022/03/21 05:30
◎陳成良
Ants have the ability to sniff out cancerous cells in humans, a new study has discovered, suggesting they could be used for cancer diagnosis in future.

一項新研究發現，螞蟻能嗅出人體內的癌細胞，這表明螞蟻可用於未來對癌症的診斷。

Researchers from the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) discovered that ant species Formica fusca has a well developed sense of smell.

法國國家科學研究中心（CNRS）的研究人員發現，「黑山蟻」（學名：Formica fusca ）這種螞蟻品種，嗅覺非常發達。

It was able to differentiate cancerous cells from healthy cells in humans, thanks to their sense of smell, limited trials revealed. But more clinical tests must be carried out before they could be used in clinical settings like hospitals, the team said.

有限的實驗顯示，這種螞蟻的嗅覺超強，能夠將人體的癌細胞與健康細胞區分開來。但是該研究團隊表示，還需要進行更多臨床測試，才能將黑山蟻用於醫院等臨床環境中。

They suggest that in future, ants could turn out to be better at dogs when it comes to locating cancerous cells in humans.

他們員指出，未來在識別人體癌細胞方面，螞蟻可能會比狗做得更出色。

2022/03/18 05:30
◎張沛元

Doctors at at the Mayo Clinic, one of the world’s leading hospitals, are confronting the same challenges as their colleagues everywhere: exhaustion, burnout and exasperation at patients who still refuse to mask up and get vaccinated.

全球最頂尖醫院之一的（美國）梅約診所的醫生，正面臨與跟各地同業一樣的挑戰：筋疲力竭、過勞，以及被仍拒絕戴上口罩與接種疫苗的病人氣死。

And that was before the arrival of omicron, the most transmissible variant yet, which is sickening staffers as well as patients and fueling workforce shortages.

但這是在傳播力最強、工作人員與病患皆因此病倒，以及導致醫院人力短缺的變種病毒株Omicron來臨之前的情況。

As a result, health-care systems nationwide are canceling elective procedures, turning away requests to take emergency medical services patients and grappling with workers calling in sick.

職是之故，全美國的健康照護系統取消非緊急的外科手術，拒絕接下需要緊急醫療的病患，以及設法解決工作人員請病假（所衍生的問題）。

Multiple states have deployed the National Guard to help support stressed hospitals, often by simply managing administrative tasks such as helping deliver food or cleaning dirty rooms.

多州已部署國民兵以協助支持承受極大壓力的醫院，通常是做些協助送餐或清理骯髒病房等的行政工作。

2022/03/16 05:30
◎管淑平

A pair of fighting goats blocked off the entrance to a supermarket car park.

兩隻打架的山羊堵住一家超市汽車停車場的入口。

A herd of Great Orme goats were seen at Asda in Llandudno, Conwy county, with one pair locking horns at the traffic lights.

一群大奧姆山羊出現在康威郡藍迪德諾的阿斯達超市，其中兩隻在交通號誌燈前打架。

Nurse Michelle Evans, who saw them, said: "They were having a right scrap and making a heck of a noise. It sounded like one was hurt."

當時看到山羊的護理師密雪兒‧伊凡說，「牠們當時正打得激烈，發出非常大的聲音，聽起來好像有一隻受傷了。」

Ms Evans added: "They were really going at it. The two goats fighting had their horns locked while the rest of the herd was just watching."

伊凡女士又說，「牠們真的很拚命地打，兩隻山羊纏鬥，其他的羊就在旁邊看。」

2022/03/16 05:30
◎管淑平

A pair of fighting goats blocked off the entrance to a supermarket car park.

兩隻打架的山羊堵住一家超市汽車停車場的入口。

A herd of Great Orme goats were seen at Asda in Llandudno, Conwy county, with one pair locking horns at the traffic lights.

一群大奧姆山羊出現在康威郡藍迪德諾的阿斯達超市，其中兩隻在交通號誌燈前打架。

Nurse Michelle Evans, who saw them, said: "They were having a right scrap and making a heck of a noise. It sounded like one was hurt."

當時看到山羊的護理師密雪兒‧伊凡說，「牠們當時正打得激烈，發出非常大的聲音，聽起來好像有一隻受傷了。」

Ms Evans added: "They were really going at it. The two goats fighting had their horns locked while the rest of the herd was just watching."

伊凡女士又說，「牠們真的很拚命地打，兩隻山羊纏鬥，其他的羊就在旁邊看。」

2022/03/14 05:30
◎陳成良
Dogs may need a little help from their human friends to get over the death of another dog, according to a new study.

一項新的研究表明，狗兒可能需要人類朋友的一點幫助，才能克服另一隻狗的離世。

A survey of dog owners in Italy reported that 86 percent of them saw negative changes in the behavior of a surviving dog after the death of a companion dog in the same household — among other things, the surviving dog typically sought more attention, ate less and played less for several months after the event.

義大利一項針對狗主人的調查報告指出，86％的飼主在同一個家庭中的伴侶犬死亡後，發現倖存的狗行為出現負面變化—先不提別的，倖存的狗通常會尋求更多的關注、吃得更少，事情發生後幾個月裡也較少玩耍。

But their owners can ease the grieving process by maintaining any routines dogs are used to and staying close to their surviving pets, said Dr. Federica Pirrone, a veterinary physiologist at the University of Milan and the lead author of the study published Thursday in the journal Scientific Reports.

不過，飼主可以透過保持狗習慣的任何常規，並與倖存的寵物保持親密關係，來緩解這種悲傷過程，這項週四發表在《科學報告》期刊的研究的主要作者、米蘭大學的獸醫生理學家皮羅內博士說。

新聞辭典
get over sth/sb：片語，從（疾病或令人不快的事）中恢復過來。例句：He have get over the language barrier.（他已克服語言障礙。）

2022/03/10 05:30
◎孫宇青

Wags and Walks adoption center, an animal shelter in Los Angeles, teamed up with website building company Squarespace to create the website wagsandwalksfoster.com, which shows dogs and their star signs to help get better foster matches.

洛杉磯一家動物庇護所「維格斯及沃克斯領養中心」，與網站架設公司「Squarespace」合作創建網站wagsandwalksfoster.com，在上頭展示狗狗及牠們的星座，以尋求更速配的主人。

"Compatibility is a huge factor when it comes to pairing a pet with a foster owner and what better way to showcase compatibility than with astrological signs?" said Ashley Camale, head of consumer, product and international communications at Squarespace Inc.

Squarespace的客戶、產品及國際通訊主任艾希莉‧卡梅爾說：「配對寵物和領養主人時，彼此的匹配度是重大考量，還有什麼比星座更能展現匹配度？」

Workers at Wags and Walks keep records of personality traits and likes and dislikes of each dog in their care.

「維格斯及沃克斯」員工會在照料每一隻狗狗時，記錄牠們的性格特質、喜歡及不喜歡的東西。

Ariana Howell, the center’s volunteer coordinator, said, "Though for the most part we don’t know their actual birthdays, we assign them a star sign based on their personalities as we get to know them."

該中心的志工協調員亞莉安娜‧霍威爾說：「雖然大部分情況是，我們不知道牠們真正的生日，但我們還是會在了解牠們的過程中，依據性格特質為牠們選定一個星座。」

2022/03/09 05:30
◎管淑平

It’s not often that tax can lift people’s spirits but Ukrainian authorities may have done just that, assuring citizens that any Russian military equipment they seize won’t need to be declared for tax purposes.

稅務能振奮人們的士氣，這並不常見，但是烏克蘭政府或許正好做到了：向民眾保證，擄獲任何俄軍裝備，都不需要報稅。

"Have you captured a Russian tank or armoured personnel carrier and are worried about how to declare it? Keep calm and continue to defend the motherland!" Ukraine’s National Agency for the Protection against Corruption said.

烏克蘭國家肅貪局說，「你奪佔俄羅斯戰車或裝甲運兵車，正在擔心如何申報嗎？冷靜，繼續捍衛祖國！」

The rare wry moment comes as fighting intensifies across Ukraine and the conflict enters its eighth day.

這罕見的嘲諷時值烏克蘭各地戰火加劇，這場衝突進入第8天。

The agency went on to explain there was “no need to declare the captured Russian tanks and other equipment, because the cost of this ... does not exceed 100 living wages.”

肅貪局接著解釋，「沒有必要申報這些被擄獲的俄羅斯戰車和其他裝備，因為這些東西的價值…不超過100生活工資。」

2022/03/07 05:30
◎陳成良
As much as 74 percent of voters in New York City say crime is a very serious problem in the city, reaching the highest level since the topic was included in the Quinnipiac University Poll in 1999.

紐約市多達74％的選民表示，犯罪是該市一個非常嚴重的問題，這是自1999年昆尼皮亞克大學民意調查納入該主題以來的最高紀錄。

Crime ranks as the most urgent issue facing New York City, according to the survey. As much as 46 percent of respondents say crime is the most urgent issue facing the mega city making it the top issue while affordable housing and homelessness issues have 14 percent and 9 percent in favor, respectively.

根據這項調查，犯罪是紐約市面臨的最緊迫問題。多達46％的受訪者表示，犯罪是這座巨型城市面臨的最緊迫問題，使其成為首要問題，而負擔得起的住房和無家可歸問題，分別有14％ 和9％ 的受訪者表示認同。

Meanwhile, 43 percent of voters say New York City is less safe compared with other big cities, which is the highest level since the question was first asked by Quinnipiac in 2003.

與此同時，43％的選民表示，相較於其他大城市，紐約市更不安全，這是自2003年昆尼皮亞克大學提出這項問題以來的最高紀錄。

新聞辭典
rank：動詞，排名、排序。例句：Harvard is ranked among the ten best universities in the world. （哈佛大學躋身全球前10所最佳大學之一。）