初讀英文新聞時，我們會對新聞英語中的一些語法結構和習慣用法不理解或不習慣，因此瞭解和熟悉這些語法結構和習慣用法有助於我們在閱讀英文新聞時，對新聞內容的理解與掌握。

 

一. 弄懂標題 (headline)

1. 前言

大家都有閱報的經驗，無論中文或英文新聞，每條新聞都有「(主) 標題」 (headline)。標題的目的在於以最少的字來為新聞報導的內容作一摘要。標題須準確地敘述主題和重要事實。標題亦應以有趣的方式來呈現資訊以吸引讀者閱讀該篇報導。儘管讀者喜愛的新聞因人而異，但所有標題都要具備新奇、稀有或與個人有關等等要素 的其中一項或多項，才能抓住讀者的目光。

有時一個標題尚不足以概述所有重要資訊，此時會有所謂「副標題」(subheadline) 的出現。副標題位在主標題之下，字體較小。如上述，主標題和副標題是一篇新聞報導的摘要，所以他們當中的字大多會重複出現在新聞內容中。

2. 語法

英文報紙編輯喜愛的標題型式不盡相同，但大多數新聞的標題長度平均為8至9個字。另外，逾 60% 的報紙或新聞採用典型英文句子的語法結構，亦即主詞 + 動詞 + 句子其他元素。例如。

U.S. Bombs Baghdad

Inner-City Teen Talks About Drugs

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這兩個字發音相同，拼字僅一個字母之差，有時不免搞混，尤其是名詞複數時，一為 canvases，另一為 canvasses，稍一不慎就會把「馮京」看作「馬涼」。所幸，這兩個字的意思截然不同。

Canvas 僅當名詞用，意為「帆布；油畫布；帆布畫；油畫」，如 a canvas bag (帆布袋)；We spent two months living under canvas. (我們在帳篷裡住了兩個月) － under canvas 為一英式英語片語，意為「在帳篷裡」(= in a tent)；He bought the canvas for one thousand dollars. (他以一千美元買下這幅油畫)；The artist showed us her canvases. (那位畫家給我們看了她的油畫)。

Canvass 可當動詞和名詞用。當動詞時，這個字可以是及物或不及物，意為「(向…) 遊說；(為…) 拉票」，如 The president has spent the day canvassing in Kaohsiung. (總統在高雄遊說了一天)；He canvassed the district for votes. (他在選區裡拉票)；Party supporters were called on to help canvass for their candidate. (該黨的支持者被動員來為候選人拉票)；The justice minister has been canvassing support for his new crime bill. (法務部長一直在為新的刑事法案尋求支持)。

除上述外，當動詞用的 canvass 還意為「(廣泛) 徵詢 (意見)；詳細或徹底地討論」，如 I’ve been canvassing the views of our members about the suggestions. (我一直在廣泛徵詢會員們對建議的看法)；Various possibilities have been canvassed. (各種可能性都有討論)。至於當名詞用的 canvass，意為「遊說；拉票；討論」，如 door-to-door (or house-to-house) canvasses (挨家挨戶的拉票活動)。


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Do you have bad posture while sitting at the computer? A monitor can help with that.
打電腦時坐姿不良嗎？ErgoSensor 幫你一次搞定！

　　Health is wealth. This may be an old saying, but few people would argue with it. _(1)_, many people are now experiencing the newer pains of sitting for long hours in front of computer screens and not being able to keep their health in check. Luckily, technology is going to _(2)_ us to stay healthier and perhaps even happier.
　　The ErgoSensor computer monitor has a special built-in sensor that tells a user _(3)_ he or she is too close, has poor posture, and much more. This high-tech monitor was created by the Dutch company, Philips, in the hope ofimproving users' lives. _(4)_ monitoring computer users' bodies, these screens can make helpful suggestions. Similar to email alerts, the messages pop up in the lower right hand corner of the screen. If the monitor senses the user's head istilted, a message will pop up suggesting the user's neck _(5)_ to avoid injuries. Also, when the user blinks infrequently, it is a sign to the monitor that they are tired. Therefore, a message suggesting a coffee break will appear.
　　The makers are aware that constant corrections could get _(6)_, which is why they designed them in pop-up form. This way, the alerts are easy to get as well as _(7)_ when needed. Technology has come a long way. With theadvancements of the ErgoSensor computer monitor, one has to wonder what's next.

1. (A) Eventually　　(B) Unfortunately　　(C) Immediately　　(D) Efficiently
2. (A) have　　(B) make　　(C) arrange　　(D) enable
3. (A) what　　(B) which　　(C) whether　　(D) wherever
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Legendary explorers Christopher Columbus, Henry Hudson and John Smith all recorded sightings of mermaids. Sea monsters populated the old ships' logs, too. 哥倫布、亨利哈德遜和約翰史密斯等傳奇性的探險家都曾記載目擊過美人魚。舊時的航海日誌中，也充斥著有關海洋怪獸的紀錄。
"The eye sees a fragment and the mind fills in the rest," explains a placard near the entrance to "Mythic Creatures: Dragons, Unicorns and Mermaids," a recent exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. These creatures "give shape to humankind's greatest hopes, most terrifying fears and most passionate dreams." 紐約市的美國自然歷史博物館最近舉辦了一場名為「神秘生物：龍、獨角獸和美人魚」的展覽，展區入口處擺放著一座寫著「眼所不及，以頭腦補足」的告示牌。這些生物「形成了人類最遠大的希望、最駭人的恐懼、以及最熱情的夢想。」
　
The exhibit pulls together drawings, maps and other renderings of mythological beings both famous (the Loch Ness monster) and obscure (hippocampi, bunyips and the Ziz). Much of the display is dedicated to scientific speculation on which living or extinct animals might have inspired these legendary birds, beasts, fish or combinations thereof. 這項展覽集結了著名的（尼斯湖水怪）以及形象難解的（馬頭海怪、本耶普與席茲）神秘生物圖畫、地圖和其他記載的展示品。多數展示品都試著為這些傳說中的鳥類、野獸、魚類或是結合上述各種生物特徵的怪物提供科學性的看法，說明牠們的形象可能來自哪些現存或已滅絕的生物。 　
"A lot of these beliefs exist because of fossils and what people originally thought they were," paleontologist Mark Norell, a cocurator of the exhibit, pointed out. Ancient people knew that these were not the bones and footprints of ordinary animals, he clarified — so they must have been from mythical or exotic creatures, or so they thought. 共同策劃這項展覽的古生物學家馬克諾瑞爾指出：「人們對許多神秘生物的認知，都是來自過去原先認為化石是什麼的想法。」他澄清表示，古人知道這些並非尋常動物的骨骼和腳印，因此他們認為這些遺跡絕對是某種神祕或奇異生物所留下的。 　
A central Asian dinosaur called protoceratops, for example, "bears an eerie resemblance to the head of a griffin." A folklorist named Adrienne Mayor first drew the connection between the plant-eating beaked dinosaur and the mythical creature with a lion's body and the head of an eagle. 譬如說，一種叫做原角龍的中亞恐龍，「和獅鷲的頭部相似得令人發毛。」一位名為安德里安梅爾的民俗學者最先描繪出這種草食性尖嘴恐龍與獅身鷹頭神秘生物之間的關聯。 　
For many years before modern paleontologists started digging up protoceratops fossils, central Asia was traversed by Scythian nomads who would almost certainly have noticed them, according to Norell, who noted how "the skulls were common and stuck up out of the ground." 據諾瑞爾指出，在現代考古學家開始挖堀原角龍化石許多年前，往來中亞的賽西亞游牧民族肯定早就發現了牠們的存在，因為「牠們的頭骨十分常見，而且會從地面突起。」 　



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1. Can I get a ticket on the sleeper train to Windermere?
  可以給我一張前往溫德米爾的臥票嗎？
2. We have six in our party. Can we get the group rate?
  請問，我們有六個人，可以買團體票嗎？
3. I’d like a refund on my ticket.
  我想要退票。
4. Is there a buffet car on this train?
  這列火車有餐車嗎？
5. Do I have to change trains to go to Bath?
  往巴斯需要轉車嗎？
6. When does the train to Glasgow leave?
  往格拉斯哥的車何時出發？
7. When will the train arrive in Leeds?
  火車何時抵達莉茲？
8. Will the train be on time?
  這班火車準時嗎？
9. When is the next train to Oxford?
  下一班往牛津的火車是什麼時候？
10. Which platform does the train to Manchester leave from?
  請問往曼徹斯特的車是在哪個月臺？
11. In which car can I find a lavatory?
  哪一節車廂有洗手間？
12. Can you tell me where Carriage 5 is?
  請問5號車廂在哪裡？
13. Have you got a food trolley on the train?
  請問車上有推車賣食物嗎？
14. I’ve got on the wrong train. Could you help me?
  我搭錯車了，可以幫我嗎？
15. How long will the train stop here?
  請問列車會在這裡停多久？
16. I missed the train.
  我沒趕上火車。

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