英倫翻譯社/ Trsmaster

Everyone has good and bad moods, but for some, feeling happy or sad seems to be linked to the weather. According to one common theory, the more sunlight people get, the better they feel. Are theories such as this one backed up by science, though?

One way in which weather seems to affect mood is seen in those who suffer from a type of depression known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). People with SAD feel bad during the same season each year—usually in the winter. Psychologists aren’t sure what causes SAD, but they think that it could be brought on by a lack of sunlight. Not getting enough sun interferes with one’s pattern of sleep and affects the brain chemical that controls one’s mood.

To better understand the relationship between weather and mood, scientists from various parts of the world have studied the effects of a variety of weather types. A 1980s study conducted in the United Kingdom found that of all the ways to measure weather, humidity affected mood the most by making people feel sleepier and less able to concentrate. Since then, however, other studies have drawn different conclusions.

每個人的心情都有好有壞，但對某些人來說，感覺快樂或悲傷似乎和天氣有關。根據一個常見的理論，人接觸陽光愈多，感覺就愈好。不過，像這樣的理論有科學支持嗎？

天氣似乎會影響心情的一種方式在那些罹患一種稱為「季節性情緒失調」憂鬱症的人身上可看到。有季節性情緒失調的人每年到了同樣的季節心情就不好，通常是在冬天。心理學家並不確定是什麼造成季節性情緒失調，但他們認為有可能是缺乏日光照射所引起的。日照不足會妨礙人的睡眠模式並且影響腦中控制情緒的化學物質。

為了更了解天氣和情緒的關係，世界各地的科學家研究了各種天氣類型造成的影響。一份一九八○年代在英國所進行的研究發現在所有測量天氣的方法中，濕度讓人昏昏欲睡且較無法專心，對心情影響最大。然而在那之後，其他的研究則得出不同的結論。

文章出處：Live互動英語雜誌

Milan is known as the international capital of fashion, but it is also a city with many ancient treasures. With narrow, winding streets and large squares containing breathtakingu buildings, Milan is a joy to explore by foot on sunny days.

At the heart of the city is the Duomo, the third largest cathedral in Europe. It holds up to forty thousand people and is decorated with over three thousand statues.The cathedral dates back to the late 1300s, but the entire structure took around five centuries to build. The Duomo is especially beautiful during the late summer afternoon, when the setting sun brings out the marble statues' pink and white colors.

Besides the Duomo, the Sforza Castle, a huge red-brick structure with four towers, is another one of Milan's top attractions. It was built in the fifteenth century and became the home of the duke of Milan. Today, the castle houses many museums and exhibitions and, from June to August, it also hosts a series of open-air concerts.

Not far from the Sforza Castle is the church and convent Holy Mary of Grace. This UNESCO World Heritage site contains Leonardo da Vinci's painting, The Last Supper, one of the most important works of art in the world..

米蘭被視為國際時尚之都，不過它也是擁有許多古老寶 藏的城市。米蘭有狹窄蜿蜒的街道以及有著壯觀建築物的大廣 場，晴天時徒步探訪米蘭是件樂事。

米蘭大教堂位於市中心，是歐洲第三大教堂。它最多可容 納四萬人，並且有超過三千座用來裝飾的雕像。這座大教堂可 追溯至十四世紀末，不過整棟建築物花了大約五個世紀才建造 完成。夏日午後向晚時分的米蘭大教堂尤其美麗，此時夕陽將 大理石雕像的粉紅色和白色色澤突顯出來。

The world of fashion is constantly changing. New styles and trends can be hot one day and gone the next. One of the more interesting trends in recent years, known as "eco-fashion," is slowly working its way into clothing stores and fashion shows around the world.

Eco-fashion, also called "sustainable fashion," comes in many forms. In general, it takes into account the health of the environment, the health of consumers, and the well-being of designers and factory workers. Eco-fashion companies might use recycled materials to make their products. While other companies throw away tons of scrap material each year, eco-companies turn these scraps into usable fabrics for their designs. Some designers take secondhand clothes and turn them into 'new" garments. There are also those who incorporate things like recycled rubber, recycled plastic, and even coffee grounds into their clothing.

If wearing recycled clothing doesn't suit you, you'll be happy to learn that some eco-clothing companies use original materials that are both natural and sustainable. From underwear made from bamboo to dresses made from banana leaves, these products contain no harmful dyes and bleaches or materials that pollute the environment.

時尚界不斷地在變化。新的流行樣式和潮流可能今天還很熱門，但下一刻就退流行了。近年來有一種比較有趣的潮流稱為「環保時尚」，正慢慢地走進全球各地的服裝店和時裝秀中。

環保時尚又稱為「永續時尚」，有多種形式。大致來說，它將環境健康、消費者健康以及設計師和工廠工人的福祉列入考量。環保時尚公司可能會利用回收材料來製作產品。其他公司每年丟棄好幾噸的廢棄布料，而環保公司把這些碎布變成設計圖案可用的布料。有些設計師會把二手衣變成「新的」服飾。也有些人會將回收橡膠、回收塑料，甚至是咖啡渣這類物品加入衣物中。

如果你不喜歡穿回收衣服，你會很開心得知有些環保服飾公司使用天然且具永續性的原始材料。這些產品從竹製的內衣褲到香蕉葉製成的洋裝都有，它們不含有害的染料和漂白劑或污染環境的材質。

文章出處：Live互動英語雜誌

For some adults, chasing fireflies and watching them light up the hills on summer nights are fond childhood memories. Unfortunately, fireflies may become part of the past since they are at risk of disappearing in Taiwan as they are in other parts of the world.

Taiwan is home to more than fifty of some two thousand firefly species around the world. Fireflies thrive in humid, warm areas, and they can be found in forests and fields as well as near lakes, rivers, and streams. They glow at night to find mates, but the presence of artificial light prevents fireflies from seeing each other, so they cannot reproduce. Water pollution, the use of chemicals on plants, and the mismanagement of rivers and streams have also contributed to the firefly's decreasing numbers. 

The Taiwanese government and various local organizations have now taken steps to protect these magical creatures. Fireflies are being bred and released into the wild. Ponds and grasslands are also being developed to create favorable environments for snails and earthworms, which are a main food source for firefly larvae. Through the hard work of some conservationists, firefly numbers have increased in certain mountain areas.

對有些成年人來說，在夏夜裡追逐螢火蟲以及觀賞牠們照亮山丘是愉快的童年回憶。可惜的是，螢火蟲可能會成為過去式，因為牠們在台灣正面臨消失的危機，如同在世界其他地方一樣。

在全世界約莫兩千種的螢火蟲中，有超過五十種螢火蟲棲息在台灣。螢火蟲在潮濕溫暖的地區茁壯生長，在森林、田野以及湖泊、河川、溪流附近都看得到牠們的蹤影。牠們在夜晚發光尋找配偶，但是人造光的出現讓螢火蟲看不見彼此，因此無法繁殖。水汙染、用於作物的農藥、河川與溪流的不當管理也都造成螢火蟲的數量逐漸下降。

台灣政府以及許多地方機構現在已採取行動來保護這些神奇的生物。螢火蟲經人工飼育後釋放到野外。有人也正在復育池塘和草原來創造出適合蝸牛和蚯蚓生長的環境，牠們是螢火蟲幼蟲的主要食物來源。透過某些環保人士的努力，在某些山區，螢火蟲的數量已經增加了。

文章出處：Live互動英語雜誌

Food brings joy to many people, but for some, it can be an object of passion. Those who truly love food—eating it, preparing it, creating new dishes with it—may become chefs, thus turning their passion into a career.

You might think that a chef's job is only to cook, but in reality, chefs do much more than that. Cooks spend their time cooking in a restaurant's kitchen. Chefs, however, are in charge of the kitchen. Chefs hire and manage kitchen workers, plan menus, create recipes, and decide which food suppliers to order products from. They taste foods to check flavors and examine dishes to see if all of the items are well arranged.

Good chefs are also skilled in time management. They make sure that each course of a meal is served neither too slowly nor too quickly. This may sound simple, but when dozens of tables must be served at once, managing time can be hard. In the end, chefs direct all of their efforts towards one goal—to give customers a delicious and memorable meal.

食物帶給許多人歡樂，但對有些人而言，它可能是一種讓人投入熱情的事物。那些真心喜愛食物──喜愛享用、準備、用它創造新菜餚的人或許會成為主廚，由此將他們的熱情變成一項事業。

你可能認為主廚的工作只是在烹調，但實際上，主廚做的事遠不只做菜。廚師花時間在餐廳廚房煮東西。而主廚卻是負責管理整個廚房。主廚負責雇用和管理廚房的工作人員、規畫菜單、設計食譜，還要決定向哪家食物供應商訂貨。他們要品嚐食物確認味道，並檢查菜餚，看看是否所有東西都安排妥當。

好的主廚對時間管理也很有一套。他們要確保每道菜的上菜速度不會太慢也不會太快。這聽起來或許容易，但當有許多桌必須同時上菜時，時間的管理可能不容易。最終，主廚一切的努力都朝著一個目標──給顧客美味又難忘的一餐。

文章出處：Live互動英語雜誌