英倫翻譯社/ Trsmaster

The program is a novel approach to incarceration in Sremska Mitrovica, where inmates spend two hours a day teaching the dogs basic commands.

這項計畫在斯雷姆斯卡－米特羅維察市展開新穎的監禁方式，讓受刑人每天花2小時教導流浪狗基本指令。

Working daily with Cupko touched something "primordial" in him, said Dusan, ruffling the black fur of the happily yelping dog. "It has been the most beautiful dream to be with the dogs."

杜桑一邊梳著開心到吠叫的庫柯的黑色毛髮一邊說道，每天教導庫柯觸動他的某些「初心」，「跟這些狗狗相處是最美麗的夢。」

Since the initiative was started two years ago, some 80 inmates have passed through 10-week training. The goal is to get the dogs ready for adoption by the public, but also to reduce reoffending rates by preparing convicts for employment in places like animal shelters or zoos.（AFP）

這項計畫2年前啟動以來，已有約80名受刑人通過為期10週的訓練。計畫目標是讓流浪狗能被大眾認養，並讓受刑人做好在動物收容中心或動物園等地工作的準備，進而減少其再犯率。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1317140

一項研究發現，逾半數英國家長認為，太陽眼鏡應該成為標準校服裝備的一部分。

A study of 1,000 parents with children aged 4-12 found 72 percent worried about protecting their child’s eyes from the sun.

一項針對1000名子女年齡在4歲到12歲之間的家長的研究發現，72%的家長擔心孩子的眼睛沒有受到防曬保護。

However, only three in 10 sent their child to school with sunglasses every time it was sunny.

然而，只有10分之3的家長讓孩子在晴天時戴太陽眼鏡上學。

One-quarter even said their child was forbidden by their school from wearing sunglasses on school grounds.

4分之1的家長甚至表示，學校禁止孩子在校園配戴太陽眼鏡。

Lam Wing Kee was one of five booksellers detained in 2015 after selling material critical of the political elite on China’s mainland. Months ago he fled to Taiwan as Hong Kong considered a law that would have allowed extradition to mainland China.

林榮基在販售批判中國大陸政治菁英的題材後，2015年成為被拘捕的5名書商之一。數月前，當香港在考量一條可以允許引渡至中國大陸的法案時，他逃到台灣。

Mr Lam’s crowdfunding campaign to "reopen" the Causeway Bay bookstore - the name of his former shop in Hong Kong - raised more than 3m Taiwanese dollars on its first day. More than 1,800 people contributed to his cause, easily exceeding his funding goal.

林先生群眾募資計畫是「重開」銅鑼灣書店—他在香港開設的書店店名—首日就募得逾300萬台幣。超過1800人為他的事業做出貢獻，輕易地超越他的籌資目標。

Mr Lam hopes to choose a new location for the reincarnation of Causeway Bay books in the coming months, and to open it next year. "I am wanted by the Chinese government," he told Vice. "It’s obvious that if I stayed in Hong Kong, I’d be dead for sure."

林先生希望在未來幾個月，選出銅鑼灣書店化身的新地點，並於明年開幕。「我被中國政府通緝。」他告訴媒體Vice：「顯然我要是還待在香港，我肯定會死。」

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1316854

"We all know that how much energy our bodies burn is an important influence on weight gain," said coauthor Christopher Kuzawa, professor of anthropology in Northwestern’s Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences.

「我們都知道，我們的身體消耗多少熱量對變胖有重要影響」，報告共同作者、西北大學溫柏格文理學院人類學教授庫薩瓦說。

"When kids are 5, their brains use almost half of their bodies’ energy. And yet, we have no idea how much the brain’s energy expenditure varies between kids. This is a huge hole in our understanding of energy expenditure."

「5歲兒童的大腦消耗身體近半能量。然而，我們還不清楚不同兒童大腦能量消耗的差異。這是我們了解能量消耗的一大空白之處。」

Prior to this study, Kuzawa and his colleagues discovered that when the brain’s need for energy increases, the risk of weight gain decreases, and vice versa.

庫薩瓦和同僚在這項研究之前便已發現，大腦對能量的需求增加，體重增加的風險便會降低，反之亦然。

英倫翻譯社 轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1315286

DiCaprio wrote on Instagram, "The Brazilian Amazon—home to 1 million Indigenous people and 3 million species—has been burning for more than two weeks straight. There have been 74,000 fires in the Brazilian Amazon—a staggering 84 percent increase over the same period last year."

狄卡皮歐在Instagram貼文中寫道：「巴西亞馬遜—100萬原住民及300萬物種的家園—已連續逾2週遭大火肆虐。在巴西亞馬遜已發生7萬4000起火災—比去年同期出現84%的驚人增長。」

Many of the fires are believed to have been set by farmers and ranchers, with the tacit approval of Brazil’s anti-environmentalist president, Jair Bolsonaro.

許多火災據信是農民及牧場工人所造成，獲得反對環境保護的巴西總統雅伊爾．波索納羅默許。

If the fires are not contained the consequences could be dire, experts warn, not only for the people who call the rainforest home, but for the entire planet.

專家警告，如果這些火災未受控制，不僅對以該雨林為家的人們，對整個星球的後果，都可能非常嚴重。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1315237

Scientists in Germany say, ecdysterone, a chemical found in spinach is close to steroids and has a similar effect on humans. Researchers at Freie Universität Berlin ran a 10-week test on nearly 50 athletes and found athletes who took capsules of ecdysterone increased their strength by up to three times.

德國科學家表示，菠菜中發現的化學物質「蛻皮甾酮」（ecdysterone）與類固醇相近，對人體有類似作用。柏林自由大學研究人員對近50名運動員進行歷時10週的測試，發現服用蛻皮甾酮膠囊的運動員，體力最多增加3倍。

The capsules the athletes were given were the equivalent of about nine pounds of spinach but researchers say the capsules could be used as a performance enhancing drug. The study has called on the World Anti-Doping Authority to dig further into ecdysterone and wants the chemical added to the list of banned substances for athletes.

給那些運動員服用的膠囊，約等同於9磅重的蔬菜。但研究人員表示，這些膠囊可能會被用來做為提高成績的藥物。該研究呼籲「世界運動禁藥管制組織」近一步研究蛻皮甾酮，希望將這種化學物質加入運動員禁用物品清單裡。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1313703

Speaking to reporters at the White House, Trump noted his Democratic predecessor, Barack Obama, had wanted Russia out of what used to be the G8 "because Putin outsmarted him."

川普在白宮對記者談話時提到，他的民主黨前任（總統）巴拉克．歐巴馬，想要俄國離開過去的「八大工業國組織」（G8），是「因為普廷比他聰明」。

Russia was pushed out of the G8 in 2014 because of its annexation of Crimea from Ukraine. French President Emmanuel Macron had said he would oppose Russia’s admission to the group as long as the Ukrainian crisis continues.

俄國是在2014年被排擠出G8，因為俄國從烏克蘭併吞克里米亞。法國總統埃瑪紐耶爾．馬克宏曾指出，只要烏國危機沒有結束，他就反對俄國進入該團體。

It was not the first time Trump has floated the idea of Russia getting back together with the G7. In June 2018, Trump suggested Russia should attend a forthcoming G7 summit in Canada.

這並非川普首次提出讓俄國重返G7的想法。2018年6月，川普也曾建議俄國應參與即將到來的加拿大G7領袖高峰會。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1313564

The conjecture concerns Boolean functions, rules for transforming a string of input bits（0s and 1s）into a single output bit. One such rule is to output a 1 provided any of the input bits is 1, and a 0 otherwise; another rule is to output a 0 if the string has an even number of 1s, and a 1 otherwise.

這項猜想關乎「布林函數」將輸入位元串（0或1）轉換成單一輸出位元的規則。其中包括，若輸出為1，則至少任一輸入位元是1，否則輸出為0；若輸出為0，則輸入位元串有偶數個位元1，否則輸出為1。

Hao Huang, a mathematician at Emory University, has proved the sensitivity conjecture with an ingenious but elementary two-page argument about the combinatorics of points on cubes.

美國艾莫瑞大學的數學家黃皓，透過兩頁巧妙但基本的論證式，解答出有關立方體頂點的組合數學問題，進而證出「敏感度猜想」。

In 2018, Huang used a 200-year-old piece of mathematics called the Cauchy interlace theorem, which relates a matrix’s eigenvalues to those of a submatrix, making it potentially the perfect tool to study the relationship between a cube and a subset of its corners.

黃皓在2018年使用已有200年歷史的「柯西交錯定理」，勾串矩陣的特徵值及其子矩陣，讓該定理成為研究立方體及其頂點子集合的絕佳工具。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1313192

Kang strongly urged Kono to retract the country’s decision to remove South Korea from its "whitelist" of countries with fast-track trade status. Kono said he hoped the Korean government would pay attention to the safety of Japanese people in Korea.

康京和強烈呼籲河野撤回日本將南韓移出擁有快速出口貿易地位國家組成的「白名單」的決定。河野則表示，他希望南韓政府要注意南韓境內日本僑民的安全。

In a trilateral meeting where the three ministers gathered, Kang stressed that cooperation among the three nations should not be shaken by bilateral relations. "East Asia has a responsibility for global stability and prosperity," Kono said, noting that the economies of the three countries combined account for over 25 percent of the world’s gross domestic product.

康京和在三國外長參加的一場三方會議中強調，中、日、韓三國的合作，不應被雙邊關係削弱。河野亦指出，「東亞對全球的穩定和繁榮負有責任」。他還提到，在全球的國內生產毛額中，三國的經濟總共就佔了超過25％。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1313139

The more than 700 km would be arduous enough under any circumstances, but Medi Bastoni is drawing attention to his campaign by doing it walking backwards.

超過700公里的路程，在任何情況下都是夠艱鉅的，但梅迪．巴斯托尼藉由倒退走，正為他的運動引來關注。

Bastoni, 43, started on July 18 from his village on Mount Wilis, a 2,500-meter volcano in East Java province that has been affected by deforestation. He hopes to meet President Joko Widodo when he arrives in Jakarta later this month.

43歲的巴斯托尼，7月18日由他位在維利斯火山上的村落起腳，這座位於東爪哇省的2500公尺高火山長久以來受伐林影響。他希望本月稍後抵達雅加達時，見到總統佐科威。

Indonesia has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world, with more than 74 million hectares of rainforest - an area nearly twice the size of Japan - logged, burned or degraded in the last half century, according to Greenpeace.

根據「綠色和平」，印尼的森林砍伐率在全球名列前茅，超過7400萬公頃雨林——面積近乎是日本的兩倍——在過去半世紀被砍伐、焚燒或退化。

Bastoni walks at least 20-30 km a day, carrying only snacks and water. A rear-view mirror attached to his backpack helps him to avoid obstacles.（Reuters）

The only other pocket shark specimen in the world － a female － was caught in 1979 and is part of the collection at the Zoological Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia.

世上僅存的其他口袋鯊標本—一隻在1979年被捉到的母鯊，是俄羅斯聖彼得堡動物博物館的收藏品。

Researchers with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration（NOAA）caught a second pocket shark in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico. Scientists declared it to be a pocket shark in 2015, and after further analysis it was recently described as a new species.

美國國家海洋暨大氣總署（NOAA）的研究人員，2010年在墨西哥灣捕捉到第二隻口袋鯊。科學家2015年公開這項新發現，在經過進一步分析後，最近宣布此為新種的口袋鯊。

You might think that adorable pocket sharks are so named because they’re small enough to fit comfortably in a pocket. However, the name comes not from their petite size but from a physical feature：a pocket-like orifice found near their pectoral fins.

你可能會以為可愛的「口袋鯊」係因恰巧能放進口袋而得名。然而，這個名號並非源自其嬌小的體型，而是另一項身體特徵：在牠們胸鰭附近發現的口袋形狀孔口。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1308251

It is still in a trial phase, but has targeted 800,000 young people yearly starting 2020 and to eventually make it mandatory for university students.

該計畫仍在實驗階段，但已設下2020年起每年為80萬年輕人上課的目標，最終希望成為大學生的必修課。

Julia Gosef, a 23-year-old student who attended the class with her fiance, said she worries that Egypt’s economic hardships could harm her marriage. Both of them would have to work, which could lead to arguments.

與未婚夫一起上課的23歲學生茱莉亞．高瑟夫說，她很擔心國家的經濟困境會衝擊她的婚姻。這對小兩口都必須工作，而這可能導致爭吵。

"If we want to solve the problem from the root we need to target people before they get married," said an official in charge of the project. He added that there’s a correlation in Egypt between divorce and problems such as child homelessness and drug addiction.（AFP）

該計畫的負責官員說：「如果我們想徹底解決問題，就得在人們結婚前為他們上課。」他也說，在埃及，離婚和兒童無家可歸、藥物上癮等問題有關聯。（法新社）

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1312447

Warning signs deck promenade railings from Scarborough to Broadstairs and beyond but now research from the University of Exeter has suggested an easy way for holidaymakers to deter the gulls - just stare at them.

從斯卡布羅到布羅德斯泰爾以外地帶的海濱步道欄杆佈有警告標誌，但現在艾希特大學的研究對度假者建議了一個簡單方法來嚇阻這些海鷗：就只要盯著牠們看。

The research showed that with a human staring at them, herring gulls took 21 seconds longer to approach a bag of chips.

該研究顯示，在有人盯著牠們看的情況下，黑脊鷗接近一包洋芋片多花了21秒。

"Gulls are often seen as aggressive and willing to take food from humans, so it was interesting to find that most wouldn’t even come near during our tests," said lead author Madeleine Goumas. （Reuters）

主要作者瑪德琳．古馬斯說，「海鷗通常被視為有攻擊性且樂意拿走人類食物，因此在我們的測試中發現牠們大多數甚至不靠近是很有趣的。」

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1311213

Scientists conducted multiple interviews with almost 10,000 teenagers in England between the ages of 13 and 16. The teens reported the frequency they used social media sites, including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Twitter.

科學家對近1萬名英格蘭青少年進行多次訪談，他們的年齡介於13歲至16歲間。這些青少年報告他們使用社交媒體網站的頻率，包括臉書、Instagram、WhatsApp及推特。

The researchers found that with both boys and girls very frequent social media use was associated with greater psychological distress, but the stress impacted girls more. Girls were also more likely to say they were less happy and more anxious.

研究人員發現，男孩及女孩非常頻繁地使用社交媒體，與更多的心理困擾有關，但壓力對女孩的影響更甚。女孩更可能表示，她們比較不開心，而且更焦慮。

Very frequent use of social media may compromise teen girls’ mental health by increasing the risk of cyberbullying and reducing sleep and physical exercise, the researchers said.

研究人員指出，非常頻繁地使用社交媒體，可能增加網路霸凌風險，減少睡眠及體育鍛鍊，傷害青少女的心理健康。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1311925

Throwing feces is not a regular occurrence for primates, at least not most of them. Primates in the wild don’t normally throw feces. It’s typically observed only in captive populations of chimpanzees.

靈長類動物不常出現丟糞的行為，至少大多數的靈長類動物不會。野生的靈長類動物通常不會扔擲糞便。這種行為一般只有在圈養的黑猩猩族群裡才能觀察到。

Chimpanzees have hierarchical social groups. They are known to drag tree branches or throw rocks when they are frustrated or annoyed or when they want to display dominance.

黑猩猩族群有社會階級制度。眾所周知，當牠們感到沮喪、被冒犯或想展示主導權時，會搖動樹枝或扔擲石頭。

In zoo environments, especially if groups of people are staring at them, the chimps may get riled up or frustrated, and they may decide to convey that emotion to their captive audience.

動物園裡的黑猩猩，特別是牠們被一群人類盯著看時，可能感到生氣或沮喪，進而決定向豢養牠們的觀眾傳達這類情緒。

Since they’re usually deprived of rocks, or branches, or any small objects like that, for this exact reason, they opt for the next best thing that they have within reach, which is usually poop.

#解憂電影院 No.364

讀者來信，節錄如下：

“水ㄤ水某你們好! 一直以來都有關注你們的社群網站，不論是哪一部電影的評論，即便沒有經歷過類似的事情，也都很發人省思，自己也會在看完電影以後有很多的感觸，有的時候也的確幫助我走過一些人生的低潮! 但最近自己遇到了一些迷惘的事情，希望你們能推薦一部好電影，或者能給予一些方向和建議。

我是一個剛畢業的大學生，目前正在準備國考，準備當一個公務員，在念書的期間因為沒有太多的社交所以有很多時間靜心與自己對話，越念越發現自己沒有那麼喜歡這個工作的領域。但是因為家人、朋友、同學的期待，(因為我的科系大部分都是要考公務員的)，讓自己覺得，即使不喜歡好像也要硬著頭皮上，可是心裡總有個聲音告訴我這不是我想要的。

每天每天我都覺得自己要被內心的黑暗吞噬，失去人生的目標，當個在公家機關處理文書作業、吹著冷氣領著還不錯薪水的公務員的確不是我想要的，但我不知道放棄了這個目標我還能去追尋什麼 ，我不知道下一個人生的目標在哪裡？

我一直很想要出去旅遊去尋找真正的自己，而不是依循社會的期待，畢業後趕快找工作、找對象、結婚生子，但我也害怕去旅行跟流浪的日子所逝去的時間會變成一種浪費，我覺得我自己太害怕放棄現在擁有的一切、太在意別人的眼光、太想去達成別人給予的期望，沒有勇氣去賭一個未知的明天，或是找尋自己的夢想，請問像我這樣徬徨的人應該怎麼做呢? 希望你們能夠給我一些方向，謝謝你們！“

我們推薦的電影是一部由土耳其、法國與德國合拍的電影《少女離家記》。

#解憂電影院 No.363

讀者來信，節錄如下：

“ 您好：最近我跟一位朋友大吵架，我氣到對她說了重話「你不值得我這樣思考為什麼？因為你都出一張嘴巴，不曾付出行動經營這段友誼，所以我們才爭執不斷，每次溝通也才都無效，我們不要再當朋友了」反正對他說了很多很多的氣話。

隨著時間過去，我開始感到後悔不已，打了電話給那位朋友，向他重新好好溝通，希望能回到像我們剛認識時那樣的相處歡樂搞笑氣氛，不過他沒有接，我也不敢傳訊息給他，怕又因為訊息溝通造成誤會，自己也想說是不是他累了，放棄和我溝通了呢？

想要請問你有什麼推薦的電影，差不多類似的電影故事，希望從中獲得一些啟發，也抱持著樂觀的態度挽回這段友情，雖然我會很捨不得、捨不得。“

我們推薦的電影是《新娘大作戰》。

Liv與Emma是從小到大的好朋友，兩人在孩提時就夢想在紐約同一間飯店舉辦婚禮，並且約定好要當彼此最美的伴娘。沒想到同時接到捧花的她們，居然也很巧合地各自被求婚了。於是兩人隨即歡天喜地地一起雇用同一個婚禮顧問，開始規劃各自的婚禮。但後來居然因為婚顧陰錯陽差，把兩人婚禮訂在同一天。所以，勢必要有一人得退讓給另一人。

Liam is powered by computer processing, 3D CG technology that are used to project virtual three-dimensional objects onto flat surfaces, creating images with a sense of depth.

利亞姆是由「三維電腦繪圖」（3D CG）電腦處理技術合成的。3D CG技術用於將虛擬三維物體投射到平面上，創建具有立體感的圖像。

The use of this technology is becoming increasingly common in media such as and animated films as well as video games.

這種技術越來越普遍地運用在媒體上，例如真人及動畫電影，以及電玩遊戲。

Liam is a virtual character who was created by superimposing an all-CG head made with the use of 3D tools on a body filmed in live action.

利亞姆是透過把利用3D工具製作的全CG（電腦繪圖）頭部疊加在實景拍攝的身體上，而創造出的虛擬人物。

He is set to work in the fields of music, fashion, and entertainment, where he will be involved in the production of a wide range of content as a multimedia producer.

The mind-controlling fungus breaks through the ant’s exoskeleton and enters its body, where it begins to grow and spread, said lead author Colleen Mangold, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at The Pennsylvania State University.

賓州大學生物化學與分子生物學博士後研究員科霖．曼戈爾德表示，這種可以操弄精神的真菌，會穿透螞蟻的外骨骼，進入螞蟻體內，然後開始增長及散播。

The first week after being infected, the ants act normally. But then they begin to have trouble moving and start to have muscle spasms. "They walk around rather aimlessly and in circles, or they don’t move much at all," Mangold said. After the ants die, the fungus emerges from the ant and seeks out its next victim.

被感染的螞蟻在第1週還行動自如。但之後牠們會行動不便，開始出現肌肉痙攣。「牠們繞圈亂走，或是根本不動，」曼戈爾德說。在受感染的螞蟻死去後，真菌會從螞蟻體內湧出，尋找下一個受害者。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1310000