英倫翻譯社/ Trsmaster

The changes in the animals’ vision were striking. As soon as the oxygen levels dipped below what is typically found at the surface of the ocean, their eyesight declined - most notably in the rock crab and the squid larvae, which were almost completely blind by the time oxygen was at its lowest point - 20 percent of surface levels.

這些動物的視力變化驚人。只要水中含氧量降至低於海水面一般溶氧量，牠們的視力就會下降—視力下降最顯著的是黃道蟹和烏賊幼仔，其置身於最低含氧量（海水面的20％）環境時幾乎全盲。

The oceans have lost a significant amount of oxygen in the last 50 years, with a significant portion of this due to nutrient pollution that leads to algae blooms that deplete the oxygen, and rising temperatures. This could lead to a situation whereby the crabs and cephalopods can no longer easily see the prey they need to catch, nor the predators they need to avoid.

海洋在過去50年內已失去大量氧氣，其中很大一部分肇因於營養鹽污染造成的「藻華」現象，導致氧氣消耗、溫度上升。這些可能讓螃蟹和頭足類動物不再能順利看見牠們需要捕捉的獵物，也無法躲避捕食者。

英倫翻譯社 轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1289853

The jobless rate stood at 4.4 percent, up 0.3 percentage point from a year earlier and marking the highest for any April since 2000, when Asia’s fourth-largest economy was reeling under the aftermaths of the Asian Financial Crisis.

失業率為4.4％，年增0.3個百分點，乃自2000年以來，每年4月的最高數字。而亞洲第4大經濟體南韓於2000年時，正因「亞洲金融危機」的餘波而步履蹣跚。

The latest jobless rate was partly attributable to the increased number of applicants to take the civil servant test. About 380,000 took the test in April this year, while 200,000 had applied in March last year. Taking the heaviest blow from the sluggish employment trend was the retail and wholesale sector, which lost 76,000 positions in April.

該最新失業率部分歸因於參加公務人員考試的考生人數增加，今年4月約有38萬人，但去年3月為20萬人。因就業趨勢低迷而受創最重的是零售及批發業，4月減少7.6萬個工作。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1289703

Danny Baker, who until Thursday morning was a broadcaster for BBC’s 5Live, was accused of making fun of Meghan’s mixed-race heritage.

直到週四早上都還是BBC的5Live播報員的丹尼．貝克，被控拿（薩塞克斯公爵夫人）梅根的混血背景開玩笑。

Baker tweeted the offending image shortly after Prince Harry and Meghan presented Baby Archie to the world in his first photocall.

貝克在哈利王子與梅根首度帶著亞契寶寶對外亮相供媒體拍照後不久，推文發表此一令人不悅的照片。

His original tweet, since deleted, showed a black-and-white photo of a couple, with the woman holding hands with a young chimpanzee wearing a hat and a jacket.

在他已刪除的原始推文上有一張黑白照，照片中有一對男女，其中女子與一隻戴著帽子、身穿外套的小黑猩猩手拉著手。

The caption read: “Royal baby leaves hospital.”

Therefore, in 2018, Japan’s government unveiled a proposal with the goal of reducing the country’s 9.4 million tonnes of plastic waste a year by 25 percent by 2030. A key part of the proposal is to require businesses to charge for plastic bags.

因此，日本政府在2018年公布一項提案，希望讓日本每年940萬噸的塑膠廢棄物，在2030年前減少25%，關鍵做法之一就是要求商家對塑膠袋收費。

However, the proposals so far still lack any specific measures on limiting other types of single-use plastic waste, such as straws or cups. With the national government moving slowly, local governments and businesses have in some cases taken up the mantle themselves.

然而，在限制吸管、杯子等其他一次性塑膠廢棄物方面，這項提案至今仍欠缺詳細措施。由於中央政府進展緩慢，地方政府和企業已率先在某些層面扮演領頭羊。

While public awareness about plastic pollution is growing in Japan, the country’s famed waste sorting and pristine streets had the effect of "hiding" the scale of the problem. The Japanese government needs more ambitious goals.（AFP）

雖然日本對於塑膠污染的公眾意識正在提升，但這個國家知名的垃圾分類系統及乾淨的街道，有效「掩飾」了這個問題的規模。日本政府必須設立更宏大的目標。（法新社）

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1289047

The voracious, inch-long fall armyworm, the larval form of the armyworm moth, can breed rapidly, spread great distances and is hugely difficult to eradicate.

狼吞虎嚥、1吋長的秋行軍蟲，是斜紋夜蛾的幼蟲，可快速繁殖、長距離擴散，且極難根絕。

It has a large impact on a wide range of crops, including important Chinese staples such as rice, soybeans and corn. According to the US report, it may have already spread to a range of southern Chinese provinces including Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hunan and Hainan.

牠對廣泛作物產生重大衝擊，包括重要的中國主食，比如稻米、大豆與玉米等。根據這份美國報告，該害蟲恐已蔓延到中國南部省分，包括雲南、廣西、廣東、貴州、湖南與海南。

The new pest comes as the Chinese government faces a number of daunting agricultural challenges. Every province in the country has now been affected by African swine fever virus, which is devastating the pork industry.

這種新害蟲出現在中國政府正面臨若干令人畏怯的農業挑戰之際。中國每個省分現在遭到非洲豬瘟病毒衝擊，重創豬肉產業。

英倫翻譯社 轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1288793

The Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation bill was passed by lawmakers on Wednesday and will come into force in the next few weeks. The government can now order platforms to remove what it deems to be false statements that are "against the public interest", and to post corrections.

國會議員週三通過「防止網路假訊息與網路操縱法」，將於未來幾週開始實施。星國政府現在可以下令網路平台移除其認為「危害公共利益」的虛假陳述，並發佈更正。

A person found guilty of doing this in Singapore could be fined heavily and/or jailed for up to five years. It also bans the use of fake accounts or bots to spread fake news - this carries penalties of up to S$1m and a jail term of up to 10 years.

星國民眾被判定犯此罪行，將支付鉅額罰款，及（或）判監最高5年。該法也禁止使用假帳號或機器人散播假新聞，違者最高處以100萬星幣罰款，及最高10年徒刑。

But critics say it poses a serious threat to civil liberties. One main criticism is that the law is phrased too broadly and gives ministers too much power to decide what is true or false.

但批評者指出，該法對公民自由構成嚴重威脅。批評重點之一在於該法的措辭過於廣泛，給予部會首長過多權力決斷真假。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1288528

Pyongyang first showed off its version of Iskander during a military parade in February last year, and had not test-fired before. "Given, in particular, that the altitude of what North Korea fired on Saturday and yesterday all reached around 50 km, they seem to be the same type of Iskander ballistic missiles," said Shin Jong-woo, a senior analyst at the Korea Defense and Security Forum in Seoul.

平壤在去年2月舉行的一場閱兵時，首次炫耀北韓版的伊斯坎德，此前從未試射。首爾「韓國國防安保論壇」資深分析師申鐘雨（譯音）說，「尤其有鑑於北韓週六（4日）和昨天（9日）的發射物（飛行）高度，都達到約50公里，因此它們似乎與伊斯坎德彈道飛彈型號相同。」

Some suspect that the projectiles fired Thursday could be scud-type missiles or medium-range Nodong ones, but others pointed out scud-type or Nodong missiles should reach a peak elevation of 80 km in order to cover a ground distance of 280 km. "After carrying out an initial test last week on the east coast, the North appears to have taken the weapons to its western region for a next-phase test, which is a typical way of its developing missiles," Shin added.

部分人士猜想，週四的發射物可能是「飛毛腿」型飛彈或中程「蘆洞」飛彈，惟其他人士指出，飛毛腿型或蘆洞飛彈應達到80公里的最大高度，以覆蓋280公里的地面距離（即作戰範圍）。申鐘雨還說，「北韓上週（4日）在其東岸進行初次試射後，為了下一階段的試射，似乎已把這些武器運到其西部地區，這是北韓研發飛彈的典型作法。」

英倫翻譯社 轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1287983

英倫翻譯社 轉自https://tw.news.appledaily.com/international/daily/20190510/38331849/

自從精靈寶可夢（舊稱為「神奇寶貝」）於 1996 年推出後，它就成了風靡全球的作品。這個品牌已賣出二十多億張集換式卡片，它的電影票房超過七億美元且電玩也賣到三億美元。另外，它極受歡迎的應用程式精靈寶可夢 GO 已被下載了六億五千萬次。即使現在精靈寶可夢消失了，它依然會是全球史上最成功的媒體品牌。不過，粉絲還一直想要更多新的東西—— 他們運氣不錯，因為《名偵探皮卡丘》這個月就要在電影院上映了。.

英倫翻譯社 轉自https://tw.news.appledaily.com/international/daily/20190509/38330925/

Leonardo da Vinci, who lived from 1452-1519, was an artist and inventor whose talents included architecture, anatomy, engineering and sculpture, as well as painting but his painting skills wore away towards the end of his life

李奧納多．達文西，生活於1452至1519年間，是一名藝術家及發明家，其天分包括建築、解剖學、工程、雕刻及繪畫，但他的繪畫技巧在生命尾聲時衰退。

A portrait of the Italian Renaissance artist shows his right hand, wrapped in clothing like a bandage and suspended in a stiff, contracted position. It had been suggested that his hand impairment was caused by a stroke.

這位義大利文藝復興時期藝術家的一張肖像畫顯示，他的右手包裹著像是繃帶的衣物，以僵硬、緊縮的姿勢懸掛。過去有人認為，他的手部損傷是中風引起。

But in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, the doctors suggest it was nerve damage that meant he could no longer hold a palette and brush. Experts believe the injury may have forced him to leave many works incomplete.

但在「英國皇家醫學會期刊」中，醫生指出，這是神經損傷，意味著他無法再握調色盤及畫筆。專家相信，這項傷勢可能迫使他留下許多未完成的作品。

英倫翻譯社 轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1286846

The current outbreak is the second deadliest on record, after an epidemic killed more than 11,300 people in West Africa in 2014-2016.

當前的疫病爆發是死亡案例的第二高紀錄，僅次於2014至2016年在西非區域造成逾1萬1300人死亡的流行。

Efforts to roll back the outbreak of the hemorrhagic fever have been hampered by fighting but also by resistance within communities to preventative measures, care facilities and safe burials.

遏制該出血熱疫病爆發的努力，由於衝突以及當地社區對防治措施、照護場所與安全埋葬的抗拒而受阻。

The World Health Organization had initially voiced hope it would be able to contain the outbreak, thanks a new vaccine. But in recent weeks senior WHO officials have conceded that insecurity, scarce financial resources and local politicians turning people against health workers had seriously undermined the containment effort.

世界衛生組織（WHO）起初說，拜一款新疫苗所賜，疫情可望獲得控制。但近幾週來，WHO高階官員坦承，安全問題、財政資源不足，以及唆使民眾敵視衛生工作人員的當地政治人物，已嚴重破壞控制疫情的努力。

英倫翻譯社 轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1287012

About seven designs of the royal emblem were submitted to His Majesty the King, who has since selected the final design.

約有7款王室紋章的設計已呈給國王陛下，由他挑選最後定稿。

The emblem will be printed on various materials including the yellow shirt and flags. Those who wish to produce yellow shirts to wear for the royal coronation celebration must use this design.

該款紋章將印製在黃衣服、黃旗幟等多種材質上。希望產製王室加冕典禮慶典服飾的商家，必須使用該款設計。

A royal barge procession is planned for late October to consist of 52 barges and 2,200 rowers covering a route of four and a half kilometres on the Chao Phraya River.

52艘花船、2200名槳手組成的皇家駁船巡遊活動，預定10月下旬舉辦，將在湄南河（昭披耶河）上巡遊4.5公里。

英倫翻譯社 轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1286566

The Nordic countries were long a bastion of strong fertility rates on an Old Continent that is rapidly getting older. But they are now experiencing a decline that threatens their welfare model, which is funded by taxpayers.

在快速高齡化的「舊大陸」（歐洲），北歐國家向來是高生育率的堡壘，但如今也面臨生育率下滑的問題，對透過全民納稅來維繫的社會福利制度構成威脅。

In Norway, Finland and Iceland, birth rates dropped to historic lows in 2017, with 1.49 to 1.71 children born per woman. Just a few years earlier, their birth rates hovered close to the 2.1 level required for their populations to remain stable.

在挪威、芬蘭及冰島，生育率在2017年降至歷史新低，平均每位女性生育1.49至1.71名兒女。再早幾年，這三國的生育率還徘徊在接近維持人口穩定所需的2.1人。

The Nordic region boasts a wealth of family-friendly initiatives, such as flexible working hours, a vast network of affordable daycares and generous parental leave systems.

北歐地區以擁有充裕的家庭友善計畫而自豪，像是彈性工時、範圍廣泛且索價低廉的日間照護網絡，以及慷慨的育嬰假機制。

When all that is still not enough to encourage people to have more children, immigration can be a lifeline － or a threat, depending on the point of view.（AFP）

Duterte made threats Tuesday about dozens of shipping containers filled with Canadian household and electronic garbage that has been rotting in a port near Manila for nearly six years. More than 100 of the containers were shipped to Manila by a Canadian company in 2013 and 2014, improperly labelled as plastics for recycling.

杜特蒂週二對加國祭出威脅，因為裝滿加國家庭與電子垃圾的大量裝運貨櫃，在馬尼拉附近一座港口已腐爛近6年。2013至2014年，逾百個貨櫃由一家加拿大企業運至馬尼拉，被不當地標示為回收塑膠。

Customs inspectors in the Philippines found they actually contained non-recyclable garbage, including soiled adult diapers and kitchen trash. The Philippines has been calling on Canada for years to repatriate its trash.

菲律賓海關檢查員發現，這些貨櫃裡面實際上裝有不可回收的垃圾，包括髒的成人尿布及廚餘等。菲國多年來一直要求加拿大將自己的垃圾運回國內。

Duterte often uses bombastic statements. Earlier this month, for instance, he threatened to send his troops on a "suicide mission" if Beijing didn’t lay off a Manila-occupied island in the South China Sea.

杜特蒂經常使用誇大的聲明。例如，他在本月初曾威脅要派遣軍隊從事「自殺任務」，如果北京不在一座馬尼拉佔領的南海島嶼停止活動的話。

英倫翻譯社 轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1285102

Ratchadamnoen and Sanam Chai are among more than 30 roads to be closed May 2 through May 6, which will mark the coronation period of King Vajiralongkorn.

5月2日至6日國王瓦吉拉隆功加冕期間，將封閉拉差當能路、沙南猜路等超過30條道路。

The royal parade will take place May 5 and will lead to the closure of 34 roads from midnight onward. Popular impacted roads include Khao San, Charoen Krung, Nakhon Sawan, Maha Chai and Phra Sumen.

5月5日舉行王室遊行，34條道路將從午夜開始封閉。受影響的交通要道包括考山路、石龍軍路、那空沙旺路、瑪哈猜路、帕舒文路。

For those who wish to attend the ceremony, metro Bangkok police deputy chief Jirasan Kaewsang-ek said 27 parking spaces will be provided citywide from Muang Thong Thani and Future Park Rangsit to CentralPlaza Salaya and CentralPlaza WestGate. From these places, people can take shuttle buses to four spots near the royal event – Ban Manangkhasila, Ban Phitsanulok, Somdet Phra Pinklao Bridge, Rama VIII Bridge, Wat Thepsirin and Memorial Bridge.

曼谷地鐵副警長吉拉索爾曼卡桑艾克表示，針對想參加典禮的民眾，全市將提供27處停車點，遍及蒙通塔尼（會展中心）、蘭希購物中心、三攀尚泰廣場、邦艾尚泰廣場。民眾可以從這些地點搭乘接駁公車，前往鄰近王室活動的四處（帕賓勞大橋、拉瑪三世橋、鐵西林寺、紀念橋）。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1284843

我們似乎正一步步地邁向機器人無所不能 —— 或者說是幾乎無所不能的世界。來看看Atlas 這個身高一點八公尺的機器人，它可以用跑酷的方式跳躍及後空翻。Atlas 是由美國一家設計機器人的波士頓動力公司研發來協助搜救任務的。這個機器人被設定來執行多種任務，像是開門、使用工具、上下車 —— 甚至是開車。然而，要讓它做這些簡單的工作並不是件容易的事。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://tw.news.appledaily.com/international/daily/20190426/38319660/

A jungle is being cleared by the government to make way for a bird park, a rainforest park and a 400-room resort, creating a green tourism hub aiming to attract millions of visitors a year.

政府正在清理一座叢林，以闢設一座鳥園、一座熱帶雨林公園，以及一座有400個房間的度假村，打造成一處生態旅遊中心，希望一年能夠招徠數百萬名觀光客。

But the project has ruffled the feathers of environmentalists. Rather than promoting biodiversity, they believe it is too imposing for the area, will destroy forest habitats. They also point out that insufficient safeguards were put in place before work began － leading to animals being killed on roads.

但這個計畫令環保人士暴跳如雷。他們相信，這對該區域太過沉重，不但無法促進生物多樣性，還會摧毀森林棲息地。他們也指出，由於工程開始前並未實施足夠的保護措施，已導致動物在馬路上慘遭不測。

"You are getting your priorities wrong if you are replacing natural heritage with captive breeding," said Subaraj Rajathurai, a veteran wildlife consultant. （AFP）

野生動物顧問蘇峇拉吉．拉扎蘇來說：「如果以動物圈養來取代自然遺產，你們就是搞錯優先順序了。」（法新社）

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1284042

The Rimping Supermarket chain in Chiang Mai has gotten rid of plastic packaging for vegetables and is now instead using banana leaves to wrap them. Their initiative has gained global recognition, thanks to a Facebook post that went viral recently.

清邁Rimping連鎖超市已放棄以塑膠包裝蔬菜的做法，取而代之的是以香蕉葉加以包裹。由於一則近期爆紅的「臉書」貼文，他們的新做法獲得全球認同。

The Facebook post by Perfect Homes Chiangmai praised the supermarket for going green and contained a few pictures of produce wrapped in banana leaves.

「清邁完美家庭」（Perfect Homes Chiangmai）的臉書貼文讚揚該超市勵行環保原則，並附上一些以香蕉葉包裝的農產品照片。

"When Perfect Homes spotted a rather nifty alternative to Earth-unfriendly packaging the other day at a branch of Rimping Supermarket, we couldn’t help but get fired up! As well as offering shoppers the option to buy or borrow a cloth bag in store, the popular grocery outfit now bundles its Veggie First fresh greens in banana leaves finished with a fibre tie," the real estate company explained in a blog post.

「當完美家庭幾天前在一家Rimping超市分店看見一個相當棒的替代不友善地球的包裝方式時，我們不禁振奮起來！這家廣受歡迎的賣場不但提供購物者購買或借用店內的布袋，現在還將其Veggie First鮮蔬以纖維繩綑紮在香蕉葉裡，」該房地產公司在部落格貼文中解釋說。

Five trillion single-use plastic bags are used worldwide every year, and more than 8.3 billion tonnes of plastic has been produced since the early 1950s.

Absorbing complex information or picking up a new skill from scratch by, say, listening to an audio recording during sleep is almost certainly impossible. But research shows that the sleeping brain is far from idle and that some forms of learning can happen.

睡覺時透過聽錄音來吸收複雜的資訊或從頭開展一項新技能，幾乎確定不可能成功。但研究顯示，睡眠期間的大腦並未空轉，可以產生某些形式的學習。

The first study to demonstrate a memory and learning benefit from sleep was published in 1914 by German psychologist Rosa Heine. She found that learning new material in the evening before sleep results in better recall compared to learning during the day.

德國心理學家羅莎．海涅在1914年發表第一項證明睡眠有益記憶和學習的研究。她發現，相較於在白天學習，在晚上睡前學新東西能記得更好。

In recent years, multiple studies have found that a basic form of learning, called conditioning, can happen during sleep. In a 2012 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience, Israeli researchers found that people can learn to associate sounds with odors during sleep.

近幾年，已有多項研究發現，睡眠期間能發生被稱為「制約作用」的基本學習形式。以色列研究團隊2012年發表在《自然神經科學雜誌》期刊的研究發現，人們可以在睡覺時學會將聲音與氣味相連結。

Although the memory was implicit, it could affect the people’s behavior, researchers found in a 2014 study published in the Journal of Neuroscience.

"Overall, the ratio of （survey respondents） in favor of a wedding stands at about half the people surveyed. But the portion of those who replied that a wedding is a must drops to the 10 percentage range. This is attributable to the growing importance of one’s decision and judgment and less importance placed on formality in marriage," said the institute.

該研究院表示，「整體而言，約一半比率的受訪者支持舉行婚禮。但答覆必須舉行婚禮的百分比就降到10%的範圍。這歸因於個人的決定與判斷愈來愈重要，婚禮的儀式禮節則較不重要。」

"Such responses were not confined to a certain group, which shows increasing emphasis on personal choice over social norms," said the institute. In Korea, a couple can formalize their marriage by registering a declaration of marriage with the local authorities, with no need for a ceremony.

該研究院提到，「這樣的回答不限於特定團體，顯示愈來愈強調個人選擇大於社會規範的趨勢」。在南韓，情侶可藉由向地方當局登記結婚宣言，正式確立婚姻關係，不需舉行婚禮。

英倫翻譯社轉自https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1283004